Laser Scanning in Construction – What You Need to Know
Laser scanning is common in industries such as manufacturing, but over the past few years, it has become more prevalent in construction. This can be attributed to the many benefits this technology offers compared to conventional mapping techniques. But what are these benefits and how is laser scanning used in construction? This comprehensive read aims to shed more light on this.
What is Laser Scanning?
Before we dive into the gist of things, it is important to define exactly what it is. Also referred to as reality capture or high-definition surveying (HDS), laser scanning implies the use of a laser to map a region with extreme accuracy.
This technology is used in construction sites to capture detailed data, therefore providing precise information about the area. The data collected is referred to as a ‘’point cloud’’, which is a database that connects points in a 3-dimensional coordinate system. We could go deeper and look at how this technology works, but for the purpose of this read, just note that it keeps a highly accurate digital record of a space or object.
The Application of Laser Scanning in Construction
Here are a few examples of areas in construction where laser scanning technology is applied.
(i) Design
Today, laser scanning is one of the top solutions in construction site planning. Most architects employ the scan-to-BIM technique to acquire information that helps initiate and oversee construction. The acquired data is converted into a 3D model which helps in making intricate designs.
(ii) Construction Coordination
This is another area where laser scanning comes in handy, especially in preventing conflicts between varying systems such as plumbing, electrical, HVAC, etc. The data is also shared between parties in order to enhance coordination. Laser scanning is also done at other stages of the construction process in order to minimize the need to change orders, document milestones and pass on work to other professionals.
(iii) Operations, Retrofits & Renovations
Laser scanning captures an exceptionally high level of detail, making it invaluable for creating a permanent as-built record that benefits both property owners and facility managers. The data collected helps with certain building management aspects like optimizing building operations, facilitating renovations and planning future building additions.
(iv) Clashes Detection
Clashes occur when two or more objects occupy the same space. This can cause problems during construction, such as damage to equipment or delays in the project schedule.
3D laser scanning can help to identify potential clashes by creating a detailed digital model of the construction site. This model can be used to visualize the proposed construction and to identify any potential conflicts.
The Primary Benefits of Laser Scanning in Construction
Employing laser scanning comes with an array of benefits in the construction process today. Some of the common advantages include:
Higher Precision & Quality
Laser scanners’ high accuracy enables the detection of precise positions of points related to a site, resulting in high-quality outcomes. The project team can utilize this precise visual data to gain a comprehensive understanding of the work, leading to improved management and planning for future designs.
Reduced Time
Traditional surveying methods, such as total station surveys, require surveyors to manually measure the distance and angle between points. This can be a time-consuming and labour-intensive process. Laser scanners, on the other hand, can record a large amount of data per second, collecting information on structures much faster than traditional methods. This can save time and money, as it eliminates the need for multiple surveyors and expensive equipment.
Software Integration
Once the point clouds are processed and free from digital noise, they can be converted into 3D Building Information Modeling (BIM) models using suitable software. This procedure, commonly known as scan-to-BIM, involves transitioning from 3D laser scanning to BIM modelling. Scan-to-BIM is highly valuable for projects involving constrained buildings or renovations.
Quick Information
This technology allows for immediate access to the information collected from a scan. This allows you to optimize working methods and enhance productivity.
Better Collaboration
The 3D model created from the conversion of the 3D point cloud can be utilized by project technicians, allowing them to work remotely during various design phases. This capability reduces the need for costly on-site inspections.
Improved Coordination
Creating a 3D model of the scanned work enhances project planning activities as it enables easy identification of any coordination errors. Detecting these errors during the subsequent execution phase helps prevent delays and budget overruns.
Improved Worker Safety
Conventional survey methods with measuring tape and laser distance meters can be unsafe, particularly when it comes to hard-to-reach areas. This is because technicians may have to climb ladders or scaffolding or work in confined spaces. 3D laser scanners, on the other hand, can be used to collect data from a safe distance. This can help to prevent accidents and injuries.
What are the Challenges of Laser Scanning in Construction?
While laser scanning comes with numerous benefits, there are a few challenges worth noting. These include:
The Scope
Laser scanning may be extremely precise and provide highly detailed information. However, for the best results, you still need to be familiar with the construction site.
It Takes Practice
As with any other sophisticated technology, you are still required to be highly trained in order to employ laser scanning properly. In regards to this, there might be a skills gap within a construction company and therefore, the additional training may add to the upfront costs.
Adopt Laser Scanning Today
While the construction industry has only recently adopted laser scanning, this technology has quickly become the norm due to its accurate measurements, efficiency and cost savings. So, do not hesitate to employ it on your projects as well.