Doctors could soon use AI to diagnose HEART ATTACKS

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Doctors could soon use AI to diagnose HEART ATTACKS: algorithm can rule out cardiac events with 99.6% accuracy

  • Scientists have developed an algorithm that can reduce the pressure on the emergency room
  • It rules out a heart attack in more than double the patient’s rate than current methods

Heart attacks may soon be diagnosed faster and more accurately than ever before thanks to a new AI tool.

Researchers have developed an algorithm that they say can reduce emergency room pressure and reassure patients with chest pain.

A new study suggests that compared to current testing methods, their algorithm was able to rule out a heart attack in more than double the number of patients with an accuracy of 99.6 percent.

The University of Edinburgh team said this ability to quickly rule out a heart attack could significantly reduce hospital admissions and quickly identify patients who can go home safely.

The current gold standard for diagnosing a heart attack involves measuring the levels of the protein troponin in the blood.

Researchers have developed an algorithm they say can reduce pressure on A&E and reassure patients with chest pain (stock image)

WHAT IS A HEART ATTACK?

Figures suggest there are 200,000 hospital visits for heart attacks each year in the UK, while there are about 800,000 annually in the US.

A heart attack, known medically as a myocardial infarction, occurs when the blood supply to the heart is suddenly blocked.

Symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, and feeling weak and anxious.

Heart attacks are usually caused by coronary heart disease, which can be caused by smoking, high blood pressure, and diabetes.

Treatment is usually medication to dissolve blood clots or surgery to remove the blockage.

Reduce your risk by not smoking, exercising regularly, and drinking in moderation.

Heart attacks are different from cardiac arrest, which occurs when the heart suddenly stops pumping blood around the body, usually due to a problem with electrical signals in the organ.

Source: NHS Choices

But the same threshold is used for each patient, meaning that factors such as age, gender, and other health conditions that affect troponin levels are not taken into account, which affect how accurate a heart attack diagnosis is.

Previous research has shown that women are 50 percent more likely to be misdiagnosed at first, and people who are misdiagnosed are 70 percent more likely to die after 30 days.

The team said their new algorithm, called CoDE-ACS, is an opportunity to avoid this.

It was developed based on data from 10,038 patients in Scotland who arrived in hospital with a suspected heart attack.

It uses routinely collected patient information, such as age, gender, EKG findings and medical history, as well as troponin levels, to predict the likelihood that a person has had a heart attack.

The result is presented as a probability score from 0 to 100 for each patient.

Professor Nicholas Mills, who led the study, said: ‘For patients with acute chest pain following a heart attack, early diagnosis and treatment save lives.

“Unfortunately, many conditions cause these common symptoms and diagnosis is not always straightforward.

“Using data and artificial intelligence to support clinical decisions has tremendous potential to improve patient care and efficiency in our busy emergency departments.”

Professor Sir Nilesh Samani, medical director of the British Heart Foundation, which funded the research, said: ‘Chest pain is one of the most common reasons people report to the emergency room.

“Every day, doctors around the world face the challenge of separating patients whose pain is due to a heart attack from those whose pain is due to something less serious.

Figures suggest there are 200,000 hospital visits for heart attacks each year in the UK, while there are about 800,000 each year in the US (stock image)

Figures suggest there are 200,000 hospital visits for heart attacks each year in the UK, while there are about 800,000 each year in the US (stock image)

Developed using advanced data science and AI, CoDE-ACS has the potential to rule in or rule out a heart attack more accurately than current approaches.

“It could be transformative for emergency departments, shortening the time it takes to get a diagnosis, and much better for patients.”

Figures show there are around 100,000 hospital admissions each year in the UK due to heart attacks – the equivalent of one every five minutes.

Clinical trials are now underway in Scotland to assess whether the AI ​​tool can help doctors ease the pressure in overcrowded emergency departments.

The findings were published in the journal Nature Medicine.

WHY DON’T THE HEART GET TIRED?

In a person’s lifetime, a human heart can contract billions of times.

The heart is still a muscle, just like the biceps or hamstring, but the heart never gets tired.

The reason for this rather crucial detail of the anatomy keeps us alive, because without a beating heart, death will soon follow.

Hearts, though muscles, are made up of different fibers than their counterparts.

This type of fiber, known as cardiac tissue, only exists in the heart and nowhere else in the human body.

Skeletal muscle tires quickly and can switch from aerobic respiration to anaerobic respiration, producing lactic acid that causes cramping.

If this happened in the heart, it would cause a heart attack.

To avoid this and to allow constant use without fatigue, the heart tissue has a different arrangement.

Heart tissue has many more mitochondria that produce vastly more energy in the form of a chemical called adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Mitochondria are small organelles in cells that are considered the powerhouse of the cell, converting glucose into energy in the organelle.

Having more of them means that the heart as an organ never runs out of energy under normal circumstances.

The reason this arrangement does not occur in all muscles is that the energy demand would be enormous and unsustainable.

The human body would simply demand more energy than it can create.