Donald Trump on Tuesday becomes the first sitting or former US president to appear in court to face criminal charges.
The former leader and current 2024 Republican presidential nominee was criminally charged last week in a New York investigation into a hush money payment to adult film star Stormy Daniels.
While the charges are a first in the US, Trump is by no means the only world leader facing criminal charges.
Here are some of the former leaders who also fronted the dock:
Argentina
Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner: In 2022, Argentina’s vice president was found guilty of fraud in a case dating back to when she was president from 2007 to 2015. She was sentenced to six years in prison and banned for life from holding any political office .
Brazil
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva: The current Brazilian president, who also led the country from 2003 to 2010, was convicted in 2017 of money laundering and corruption charges. The conviction was overturned in 2021.
Croatia
Ivo Sanader: In 2020, the former Croatian Prime Minister was found guilty of corruption and sentenced to eight years in prison. He is currently serving his sentence.
France
Jacques Chirac: In 2011, the former French president, who passed away in 2019, was convicted of corruption and given a two-year suspended prison sentence. He was also found guilty of influence, breach of trust and embezzlement during his time as mayor of Paris.
Nicholas Sarkozy: In 2021, Sarkozy became the second former French president to be convicted of corruption and influence. He was sentenced to three years in prison, two of which were suspended.
Germany
Christian Wolff: In 2013, the former German president went on trial after being accused of receiving and granting favors while in office. He was found not guilty in 2014.
Israel
Moshe Katsav: In 2011, the former Israeli president was sentenced to seven years in prison for rape and other sex offenses against subordinates. He served just over five years.
Ehud Olmert: In 2015, the former Israeli prime minister was convicted of fraud, breach of trust and tax evasion and sentenced the following year. He served two-thirds of a 27-month prison sentence.
Benjamin Netanyahu: The current Israeli prime minister, who is serving his sixth term, is on trial for fraud, breach of trust and corruption. He was indicted in 2019 in long-running cases accusing him of receiving gifts from millionaire friends and extending regulatory favors to media moguls in exchange for favorable coverage.
Italy
Silvio Berlusconi: The former Italian prime minister was acquitted of bribery charges in three trials in 2023, 2022 and 2021. He was also acquitted in 2015 of charges related to underage prostitution and abuse of office. Berlusconi has faced more than 30 criminal cases since entering politics in 1994.
Malaysia
Muhyiddin Yassin: The former Malaysian prime minister was charged last month with abuse of power and money laundering in connection with awarding government contracts during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Najib Razak: Another former Malaysian Prime Minister, Najib is currently serving a 12-year prison sentence that began in 2022 after losing an appeal in a corruption case. In 2020, he was found guilty of criminal breach of trust, abuse of power and money laundering in connection with the looting of the state development fund 1MDB.
South Africa
Jacob Zuma: The former South African president is involved in an ongoing corruption trial, accusing him of money laundering and extortion during his time as deputy president in 1999.
South Korea
Lee Myung Bak: In 2020, the former South Korean president was sentenced to 17 years in prison for bribery and embezzlement, but was pardoned in 2022.
Park Geun-hye: Former President Park, the first woman to hold the position, was found guilty in 2018 of charges related to bribery and coercion. She received a 15-year prison sentence, but was also pardoned in 2021.
Pakistan
Imran Khan: At least 85 cases have been filed against the former Pakistani prime minister. Khan is charged with corruption, “terrorism”, contempt of court, rioting and blasphemy.
Portugal
Jose Socrates: In 2017, the former prime minister was charged with corruption, including bribery, money laundering and tax fraud. In 2021, a judge dismissed the corruption charges but upheld the lower charges.